History of Film Editing...
Films from the 1800s - Sallie Gardner at a Gallop (1878)
Man Walking Around the Corner (1887)
Accordion Player (1888)
Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge (1888)
Monkeyshines, No.1 (1890)
Falling Cat (1894)
How Film Began - History of film began in 1890s, this is when motion picture camera were invented. This is also when film production companies started to be established. Back in 1890s films were under a minute long and until 1927 there was no sound on the film.
Key Practitioners...
In 1895 the Lumiere brothers (Auguste and Louis) created cinematographe. This was a new and exciting creation as it did things that was never heard of before. It recorded, captured and projected motion pictures. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nj0vEO4Q6s
The Lumiere brothers were not the only people to create something new in the media category, as in 1901 Edwin Stanton Porter came and showed everyone that film didn't have to be one long still. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73b12OC7EYo
7 years later David Llewelyn Wark Griffith bought out a film called 'Money Mad' and this was the first ever continuety cut to be shown. He was also given credit for the first ever close up. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ffb5pQ193hg
Another of D.W Griffiths recognitions was from his film 'The Birth of a Nation' in 1915. In this film he used camera techniques such as panoramic long shots, iris effect, still shots, panning shots and cross cutting. Now a days these techniques are used very frequently.
Video Editing Techniques...
Camera Shots...
Aerial shot - This is similar to an Establishing Shot as it is usually used to set a scene, it is similar to a Birds - Eye - View
Close up - These are normally used when something intense is happening in the scene, this is because it shows very little background and focus' on the actors face.
Medium Shot - Is where the only thing in shot is waist upwards.
Long shot - This shot is similar to a medium shot but in order for it to be classed as a long shot you have to make sure there whole body is in frame, from head to toe.
Establishing shot - This is also sometimes known as a Extreme Long shot. This is mainly used at the start of a film/TV episode, they use these to show you were the episode or film is going to be shot.
Extreme Close up - This is also used at intense times in the scene, yet this is normally only of the characters mouth or eyes, this is effective to show expressions.
180 Degree Rule...
This is a basic guideline in film making, as it shows a clear relationship between two characters within a scene.The imaginary line they use is labelled an 'axis' these connects characters, as the camera is always on one line. This means that with every shot the first character will be frame right of the second character. If the camera was to cross over the axis then it would be classed as 'shooting the round.'
Parallel Editing...
This could also been known as cross cutting, it is where you edit together two clips that happen at the same time but in completely different locations. This is very popular in films and TV shows as it keeps the audience up to date with what is going on with all characters.
Types of Transitions...
Cut - This is the most used transition. it is a way of instantly changing from one scene to another. This is the smoothest transition.
Fade - Fades are associated with colours for example they are common for 'fade to black' and 'fade to white.' This is where a it goes from an acting frame to a blank white or black frame.
Dissolve - This is a more gradual transition. They are seen as a 'relaxed' transition as it is a lot smoother than a fade.
Bibliography
Grahame, J. (2014) ‘Sci-fi’, Media Magazine (December), pp. S & G group.
McDougall, J. (2012) OCR media studies for AS. London Hodder Education: .
Roberts, B. and segment, C.C. video (2015) The evolution of film editing. Available at: http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2015/02/the-evolution-of-film-editing.html (Accessed: 6 October 2016).
Rothery, K. (2012) Alfredo Barros. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/katierothery/history-of-editing (Accessed: 6 October 2016).
Thomson, C. (no date) Film History Third Editon. Edited by David Bordwell. McGraw-Hill Education.
Citations, Quotes & Annotations
Grahame, J. (2014) ‘Sci-fi’, Media Magazine (December), pp. S & G group.
(Grahame, 2014)
McDougall, J. (2012) OCR media studies for AS. London Hodder Education: .
(McDougall, 2012)
Roberts, B. and segment, C.C. video (2015) The evolution of film editing. Available at: http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2015/02/the-evolution-of-film-editing.html (Accessed: 6 October 2016).
(Roberts and segment, 2015)
Rothery, K. (2012) Alfredo Barros. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/katierothery/history-of-editing (Accessed: 6 October 2016).
(Rothery, 2012)
Thomson, C. (no date) Film History Third Editon. Edited by David Bordwell. McGraw-Hill Education.
(Thomson, no date)
